Culture and Food Sanumá Relation to Food Taboos

Various eating patterns may signify a certain cultural attitude to food as a representation of the nation’s world image. Depending on the cultural standards, nations may develop certain food taboos that reflect their perception of social arrangement. Food taboos can be formed for many reasons, such as religion, culture, and health or wellbeing. In case with the culture of the Sanumà ¡ people, food taboos appear to be a crucial factor in categorizing the age of people and defining eating behavior appropriate to each age category.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Culture and Food: Sanumà ¡ Relation to Food Taboos specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The peculiarity of Sanumà ¡ culture is that the way Sanumà ¡ people divide their life cycle into segments radically contradicts the demographic method used by most Western nations. The four main age sets in the Sanumà ¡ culture are the â€Å"children† (up to 15 years), the â€Å"young† (up to 31 years), â€Å"grandparents† (up to 45 years), and the â€Å"elderly† (older than 45 years) (Ramos 159–160). The Sanumà ¡ derive their age classification from the system of food taboos the tribe uses in its daily lives (Ramos 159). Food taboos are directly connected to the fertility cycle of life, and thus each fertility age features certain types of meat that are prohibited from eating. In Sanumà ¡ age sets, the peak of food taboos falls on the people in prepuberty and postpuberty age categories, as well as on parents having a first child, while the elderly and the children enjoy the most freedom in their eating patterns (Ramos 160). The reason for such strict food limitations for the most fertile ages is that Sanumà ¡ sees a connection between animals and people through their spirits (Ramos 169). Eating a forbidden kind of meat would mean attaching oneself to the evil spirit, which may take revenge in form of p hysical sickness or disease (Ramos 161). Before children reach puberty, their health and wellbeing is defined by their parents’ eating behavior, and therefore the parents of a first newborn are especially limited by food taboos (Ramos 217). In order to comprehend the complexity of the Sanumà ¡ age classification, it is significant to view this classification as a result of cultural and religious conceptions shared by the Sanumà ¡ people. Ramos invents an ingenious way for graphic representation of Sanumà ¡ life cycle not as a straight line but as a circle emphasizing the interrelation between rather spiritual than corporeal essence of human beings with the rest of the world (Ramos 160, 162). The Sanumà ¡ religion views people themselves as responsible for their wellbeing and attributes death to human agency (Ramos 160). Breaking food taboos results in physical and moral suffering, which serves as punishment for the irresponsible behavior threatening the wellbeing of their society.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The different eating behavior appropriate for various age groups reflects the corresponding roles played by separate age groups in the Sanumà ¡ culture. Thus, for example, the scarcity of food taboos for the elderly serves as a reward for their lifelong obedience and compliance with the tribe expectations. This prescriptive role of fixed food taboos exhibits the Sanumà ¡ culture as not acquired by age but rather learned, shared, and patterned. In viewing food taboos as significant regulators of social relations, the Sanumà ¡ food limitations may be compared with such Christian practice as fasting. Similar to the Sanumà ¡, the Christian traditions demonstrate indulgence for the youngest and the oldest age groups and allow less strict fasting. However, in Christian practice, fasting is conducted not for fear of misbalancing the spirit ual connections of the universe, but rather as a penance for inherent human sins. The Sanumà ¡ culture envisages food taboos as an external expression of the world image where everything is interrelated. Eating behavior at certain age defines the Sanumà ¡ people wellbeing and harmony with the rest of the world and is, therefore, their link to the universe. Works Cited Ramos, Alcida Rita. Sanumà ¡ Memories: Yanomami Ethnography in Times of Crisis. Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. Print. This essay on Culture and Food: Sanumà ¡ Relation to Food Taboos was written and submitted by user RoxanneSimpson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Tess essays

Tess essays How do our fate or destiny effect our lives? Some of the people do not believe in fate or destiny. In Thomas Hardys Tess of the DUrbervilles which was written in 1891, we see a young girl who becomes a fallen woman at the end. Tess is the victim of her destiny and also she makes wrong decisions. Her destiny takes her to the way which she suffers a lot.She makes her own fate and both of them make her a fallen woman in the society. Through the conflict between fate and destiny,Hardy wants to reveal the inevitable misery of the human beings. By using the elements of New Criticism, it can be said that there is a unification between fate and destiny which effect Tess life. The difference between destiny and fate is that is up to individual to make decisions on the path of the life,whereas with destiny a path has already been decided . In that part, we will have a look at the affects of her destiny to her life. For understanding the novel, we have to make a deep analysis of Tess character. She is the protogonist of the novel.The young daughter of a rural working class family at the start of the novel, Tess Durbeyfield is sent to claim kinship with the wealthier side of her family, the d'Urbervilles, when her family faces imminent poverty. Tess Durbeyfield comes from a lower class background, but she can effect a higher position because of her education. This fluidity of her class background will prove significant throughout the novel, for she can move from the upper to the lower classes. introduced as an innocent, malleable and pure. As a member of the May Day procession, adorned in white, she symbolizes purity and virginity, while her physical characteristics equally suggest her innocence. Alec is the son of the Mrs.Stoke DUrberville. Tess meets him when she goes to find their relatives and ask for a job. After b eing seduced by Alec d'Urberville, she bears his child, which dies in infa...

Chemistry - mechanism and synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Chemistry - mechanism and synthesis - Essay Example Next, FGI agents are used to convert the methyl group to a nitrile one and the final product – scheme 1, product 2 – is formed. This lithium salt is undergoes acid hydrolysis to form the pentane-2-diol, the hydrate of the ketone, and this, in the absence of the organolithium any excess of which is destroyed by the addition of water, readily decomposes to form the ketone (Taylor, p. 95, 2002). The reagent acts as a source for , that acts as a nucleophile and replaces the leaving group in the halide. This forms the ketone. The organocopper is not strong enough to attack the ketone and the reaction stops here (Taylor, p. 103, 2002). Note to the above diagram: Grignard reagents usually react with carboxylic acid derivatives to form ketones as intermediate substances but ketones cannot be prepared in this manner because they react further with more Grignard reagents to form alcohols. Usually, to prepare ketones, a less reactive organocopper reagent that reacts with the carboxylic derivative but not with the ketone is used (Taylor, p. 84, 2002). In this case, is a nitrile with a functional group that has similar polarisation characteristics to the carbonyl group. Thus, it can undergo addition reaction with the Grignard reagent and form a magnesium salt of an imine. It is notable that the salt has no leaving group and is also negatively charged and does not react further with the Grignard reagent. Thus, it is treated with aqueous acid and the excess Grignard reagent is destroyed and the salt is now converted to the imine – pentane-2-imine. The imine is unstable in the aqueous acidic conditions and readily hydrolyses to the ketone (Taylor, p. 85-86, 2002). This is the least stable radical as the relevant carbocation is flanked on either sides by other carbocations while only one side is somewhat stabilised by the alkyl electron-releasing group (Taylor, p. 126, 2002). (Part b): The technical

International Trade Meets Intellectuall Property Essay

International Trade Meets Intellectuall Property - Essay Example These policies include the granting of trademarks, copyrights and patents. Patents protect inventions that are novel, not obvious to those in the field, and useful. Trademarks are commercial symbols that producers use to identify their services and products. Copyrights protect authorship works, such as books, from the time of their creation. The protection extends to integrated circuits lay outs designs, trade secrets, geographical indications and industrial design (Bainbridge 100). The stakes in protecting intellectual property were high for many companies in the US. Not only in the product development is cost, in the knowledge-based and artistic industries, but success rarely guarantee. Before TRIPS, the completion of TRIPS, US International Trade Commission estimates were that American companies lose between $50 and $70 billion annually to inadequate intellectual property protection abroad. Most affected of this are Pharmaceuticals, films, publications, chemical products, sound recording and software. For example, international markets were of growing significance to the US film and television business. However, as videocassette recorders became readily available the level of film piracy increased (Idris 241). The position IP-based industries were not universally accepted, however. Many developing nations oppose the idea of strengthening international intellectual property rights. Moreover, not only the developing countries opposed to it but also some industrialized countries. These nations, traditionally did not allow patents on food and medicines holding that monopolies should not be permitted on products so essential to consumer welfare. Developing countries argue that increasing IP protection brings no significant, dynamic gains but inflicts considerable static costs: price increases, harm to consumer welfare and more royalties to foreigners (Goldstein 150). Many developing countries did not that intellectual property

Research and DNP Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Research and DNP Programs - Essay Example Nursing has evolved with time right from the days of Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing who saw the role of nursing as having "change of somebody's health" based on the knowledge of "how to put the body in such a state to be free of disease or to recover from disease". The early twentieth century saw the affiliation of nursing education with Universities and formation of nursing organizations. The early twenty first century saw nursing as a profession with population changes, increased life span, new diseases like cancer and life style changes throwing new challenges on the profession. Thus, today nursing is a profession rather than a vocation (Patricia A Potter, 2005). The profession has extended education avenues, a body of knowledge leading to defined skills, an ability to provide specific service, professional autonomy to make decisions governed by a code of ethics. Autonomy is an element of nursing profession today. Autonomy means that a nurse is independent reasonably and self-governing in making decisions in practice. There are independent measures a nurse can initiate without medical orders. The nurse is a 'client advocate'. She protects the human and legal rights of the patient under her care, based on his/her cultural and religious affil iations. The nurse is a 'Care Giver' helping the patient regain health through the process of healing. Healing is not just curing of the illness, but a process that addresses the holistic health care needs of the patient including emotional, spiritual and social well being. The nurse is the pivot of all communications in the health care delivery system. Communication includes documentary communication for legal safe guards and also communication with patients and their families. The process of communication is vital to give effective care, take decisions, co-ordinate manage patient care, assist in rehabilitation and offer comfort. A nurse explains to her patients the concepts and facts of health, demonstrates health care and self care activities so that the patient understands the importance of these aspects of health care. She informally reinforces client behavior by simple conversations. She also instructs formally about medications and the action plan for recovery. As a clinical decision maker, a nurse coordinates the activities of other members of the Health Care team like physiotherapists or nutrionists. The nurse takes these decisions alone or in collaboration with the patient or patient family on care aspects, evaluation of care results and the best approach for the desired result (Patricia A Potter, 2005). Thus, there is a need for introduction of a research-based curriculum in DNP programs to cater to the neo needs of a professional nurse. Nurses who take their nursing education to the PhD level are nurse Scientists. Roper Logan and Tierney model of nursing (1980) recognizes 12 activities in patient care. This includes, maintaining a safe environment, communication, breathing, eating/drinking, elimination, washing/dressing, thermoregulation, mobility, work/play,

Medea by Euripides | Analysis

Medea by Euripides | Analysis Children are seen as an essential part of a family, as well as the embodiment of the love between two people. One can find numerous references to children and the roles they play in works that analyze society and its defects, such as Medea by Euripides, and Six Characters in Search of an Author by Luigi Pirandello. In literature, children are used to represent a great majority of things, but in particular they can represent innocence and purity. This is due to the fact that children are seen as free of any sins or impurities, because their minds do not have the capacity to fully comprehend evil as adults do. Both Euripides and Pirandello use children to symbolize the contamination of human nature through loss of innocence and the consequences it can bring. The childrens innocence in Medea is used to illustrate that love can be a force of destruction. The following examination will illuminate the importance of the theme of loss of innocence in the play. This claim is rationalized by the Chorus after the childrens deaths: O your heart must have been made of rock or steel, You who can kill With your own hand the fruit of your own womb. Of one alone, I have heard, one woman alone Of those old who laid her hands on her children, Ino, sent mad by heaven when the wife of Zeus Drove her out from her home and made her wander; And because of the wicked shedding of blood Of her own children she threw Herself, poor wretch, into the sea and stepped away Over the sea-cliff to die with her two children. What horror more can be? O womens love, So full of trouble, How many evils have you caused already! (41-42) Candidate Number: 002130-005 When Medea murders her children, who are the personification of innocence, not only has she destroyed their innocence, but also metaphorically destroyed her own innocence. At the very beginning of Medea, the reader is shown both Jason and Medeas transgressions: Medeas having persuaded the daughters of Pelias to commit murder for her benefit, and Jasons abandoning Medea and his children for another woman. This serves to introduce the warring reality of the play, as well as Medeas barbaric tendencies, which further serve to draw attention to the childrens innocence. The Nurses comment that the children have no thought at all of their mothers trouble and that it is not usual for the young to grieve (2), tells us that the children are not even aware of the great evil that is closest to them. Throughout the remainder of the play, Medea slowly becomes more and more consumed by evil, until she ruthlessly takes the lives of her own sons in order to exact her revenge on Jason. In this sense, they can be viewed as the plays conscience, manipulating the audience into sympathizing with them through their innocence and at the same time be horrified with Medeas cruelty and viciousness. In Six Characters in Search of an Author, the children symbolize the deterioration of human nature as a result of their parents seemingly inappropriate decisions, which ultimately leaves the children feeling powerless. The Mother illustrates this when she says: But those two little ones over there have you heard them speak? They cannot speak, sire, not anymore! They still keep clinging to me to keep my torment alive and present. For themselves they dont exist, dont exist any longer. (55) Candidate Number: 002130-005 The Mothers impulsive decision to leave the Father indirectly affected the lives of her future children, setting in motion a series of events that would change their lives forever. In addition, the children are forced to witness the abuse and neglect that continues to tear the family apart. In the aforementioned example, Pirandello purposefully paints such a clear picture of the childrens suffering, as well as their innocence to show the consequences of potentially immoral decisions. Perhaps the most important aspect of this drama is the fact that both the Little Boy and Girl do not utter a single word throughout the entire play. This not only emphasizes their loss of innocence, but also adds an eerie quality to the play: the families tragic past has transformed the children into ghosts that represent the sense of powerlessness and symbolize how a family is ripped apart by death and abuse. In both Medea and Six Characters, the abandonment of the children further contributes to the loss of innocence resulting from Jason and the Fathers selfishness and neglect. At the end of each drama, the reader is shown just how deadly the consequences can be. Medea condemns Jasons thoughtless acts when she reveals: And how happy among Greek women you have made me On your side for all this! A distinguished husband I have for breaking promises. When in misery I am cast out of the land and go into exile, Quite without friends and all alone with my children, That will be a fine shame for the new-wedded groom, For his children to wander as beggars and she who saved him.. (17) Candidate Number: 002130-005 The Stepdaughter in Six Characters in Search of an Author further supports this claim when she states: Its not true. [To the Director] Dont believe it. Know why she says it? For his sake. [Pointing to the Son] His indifference tortures her, destroys her. She wants him to believe that, if she abandoned him when he was two, it was because he [the Father] compelled her to. (17) Jasons contribution to his childrens loss of innocence is demonstrated when he marries the daughter of Creon, and later rationalizes his irresponsible and neglectful actions to Medea by telling her that it was in the childrens best interests. However, in reality, Jason is aware that he will benefit more from this arrangement since his position in Creons kingdom is secured. Despite his claim that it is in the childrens best interests for him to marry the princess, common sense dictates that the king would eventually expect an heir through his own daughter. Jasons marriage to the princess triggered a grave aggressive response in Medea that created a domino effect and led her to obsessively seek revenge on Jason by transforming her children into unknowing messengers of death and ultimately taking their lives. In Six Characters, the Father forcibly divides the family by acting as the manipulative force behind the Mother and Sons devastating separation and later neglecting his parental responsibilities. Despite the Mothers vulnerable state of mind and erratic behavior, the Father, like Jason, ultimately pursues the alternative that is most beneficial to him. His selfishness leads him to send the Son away, thus impeding the crucial development of an emotional relationship between the Son and Candidate Number: 002130-005 his parents. The Father continues his self-serving pursuit by making inappropriate advances toward the Step-Daughter, which he later denies. As a result of this, the Step-Daughter becomes bitter and resentful, ultimately unleashing her anger and confusion upon the Young Boy, who she blames for the familys descent into tragedy. Because of the Fathers initial decision, the Young Boy is robbed of his innocence and carefree childhood experiences, and he becomes too frightened to even speak. The resulting loss of innocence leads to the ultimate tragedy in the play, which is the Young Boys suicide. In Medea and Six Characters in Search of an Author, the childrens loss of innocence is the direct result of their parents unseemly behavior. In Medea, the children are used to illustrate how lives are destroyed due to rejected love. While in Six Characters, the children represent the final outcome in the deterioration of human nature due to their loss of innocence. Ultimately, the fathers ambitions, combined with the mothers irrational responses lead to the calamitous destruction of the children.

Market Report: 2005 VW Jetta :: essays research papers

Environmental Scan Nature of Demand: Some of the key target markets for the new 2005 Volkswagen Jetta, include a younger demographic that are looking for a high quality brand name with a tradition of reliability. The new Jetta is breaking ties from its old image of the family car that highlighted safety features and family values, and in turn is being marketed as the new generation Jetta. This Jetta is more high-tech, with a sleek and stylish design, and is being portrayed as an exciting car, as to grasp a younger and trendier target market. Aside from the special features, the most noticeable change in the Jetta is the look. Volkswagen has even gone with a more â€Å"Japanese look†, comparable to the Acura’s and the Honda’s in the market. This is also a reflection of Volkwagen’s attempt to aim at a younger target market, as cars such as the Acura Integra, and the Honda Civic are very popular among younger people. Extra accessories have also been added to this Jetta to give it a more youthful appearance. Some of these accessories include a sporty rear spoiler, 18† VisionV wheels, silver tail lamps and a rear valance. Another key feature to this Jetta is the steering wheel. The steering wheel alone allows you to accomplish up to eight different things, including scrolling through CD tracks and answering your cell phone. This is a great feature to target towards a younger market, as younger people demand a lot out of their cars and are often trying to do many things at once. This makes multitasking that much easier. As far as the 2005 Volkswagen Jetta meeting a consumer need/demand, it satisfies a unique niche that has yet to be filled. This Jetta should satisfy consumers who demand the longstanding history, tradition and performance of a classic European car but who also desire a new generation style of car that meets the criteria of features needed for today’s driver. As mentioned earlier, Volkswagen’s new design is a first of its kind. This is the first serious European threat against the many of the new favourable Japanese cars. As already mentioned, the key target market for the 2005 Volkswagen Jetta is a younger group of drivers.